This is not a complete list, however, I will continue to populate it with other varieties and relevant information.
Ambrosia
- Sweet, crisp, aromatic flavor reminiscent of pear and low acidity.
- Mostly red coloration, with yellow patches.
- Flesh is cream-colored, firm meat
- Medium to large in size
- Developed in British Columbia in the early 1990s.
- Believed to be a cross of a Jonagold and Golden Delicious.
- Ripens mid to late season
Autumn Crisp
- Sweet tart flavor
- flesh resists broowning
- high in Vitamin C
- late season
Cortland
- A Ben Davis/McIntosh cross
- large flat, dull red apple with a purple hue and soft, white flesh
- Less aromatic than McIntosh
- Good keeper.
- Very good in salads.
- Mid season
Crispin/Mutsu
- Light green to yellowish white
- Sweet, rich, full flavor, very juicy and super crisp.
- Firm, dense texture
- Best for: eating fresh
- Mid – late season
Empire
- A McIntosh type apple
- Long shelf life
- Aromatic and crisp with creamy white juicy flesh.
- Flesh does not brown quickly when sliced
- Tasty blend of sweet and tart
- Best for: eating fresh and baking
- Early – Mid season
Fuji
- Very sweet, aromatic flavor
- Yellow-green with red highlights
- Originated in Japan.
- Best for: eating, salads, best applesauce apple
- Late season
Gala
- Developed in New Zealand.
- Sweet, aromatic flavor
- Best for: eating, salad, best applesauce apple
- medium to smaller in size with a distinctive red and yellow striped heart-shaped appearance.
- Early to mid season
Golden Delicious
- Firm white flesh which retains its shape
- Rich mild flavor when baked or cooked.
- Tender skin
- Stays white longer when cut;
- Best for: salads, blend in applesauce
- Early season
Granny Smith
- Very tart
- Bright green appearance, crisp bite and tart apple flavor.
- Best for: people who like tart apples rather than sweet ones 🙂
- Mid to late season
- Not good for applesauce unless you add sugar (or like a very tart applesauce)
Honeycrisp
- Introduced in Minnesota
- Very sweet and aromatic
- Great for juice, as it is a very juicy apple
- Best for: Eating, pies, baking
- Mid season
Ida Red
- Crisp with a sweet tart flavor.
- Great for pies and fresh eating.
- Late season
MacIntosh
Best for: eating, sauce, salad, good as part of a blend for applesauce
Sweet, mild flavor
Red Delicious
- Best for: eating, salad, very good as a base apple for applesauce
- Thin bright red skin with a mildly flavored fine-grained white flesh.
- Bruises easily and does not keep well.
- Early to mid season
- There are many, many varieties of red delicious, so there is a range of properties. Not all red delicious are the same!
Source: https://pickyourown.org/pdfs/applevarieties-descriptions.pdf